Can Fish & Game Wardens Search Me Without a Warrant?

I get a lot of questions about Fish & Game wardens.  If you've ever dealt with officers from the California Department of Fish & Wildlife, you probably know that these guys can be nosy.  They like to board boats and search coolers.  Maybe they've knocked on your door and asked to examine the carcass or antlers of a deer you recently shot.  Sometimes, these compliance checks feel a little intrusive and intimidating.  Today's post is specifically about the special rules that apply in "administrative searches" conducted by Fish & Game wardens. 

First, though, I should acknowledge that the California Department of Fish & Game recently changed their official name to the "Department of Fish & Wildlife".  The change reflects the fact that their agency is responsible for enforcing regulations regarding a variety of wildlife, including animals that are classified as "non-game" species.  "Fish & Wildlife" just makes more sense.  Some of us are still stuck in the habit of using the old name, though.  I understand that the agency is called the "DFW", but old habits are hard to break. 

The 4th Amendment to the US Constitution assures the right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures.  It does not define the word, "unreasonable", though.  Courts have ruled that the reasonableness of a search depends on the specific circumstances.  To determine whether or not a search is unduly intrusive, judges balance the interests of the government on one hand, against the individual's interest in privacy on the other.  That includes taking into consideration the place searched and the individual's expectation of privacy in that place.

For example, individuals have a high expectation of privacy in their own homes.  Consequently, police cannot (usually) barge into a private house and demand to search the place unless they have a warrant, signed by a judge.  People have a lower expectation of privacy in their cars, though.  Since cars are already subject to heavy state regulations, courts are more likely to approve of warrantless vehicle searches, because the state vs. privacy balance often tips in favor of the police. 

When someone voluntarily engages in any activity that is highly regulated by the state (like driving a car, fishing or hunting), they also voluntarily agree to comply with all the relevant laws and regulations.  Courts have consistently found that fishers and hunters have a lower expectation of privacy because they choose to participate in a sport that comes with a lot of rules.  At the same time, the state has a high interest in performing inspections of anyone who fishes or hunts.  Of course, all this means that DFW wardens generally have wide latitude to conduct "administrative searches" of anyone who fishes or hunts in the state. 

If there was still any question, section 1006 of the California Fish & Game Code explicitly states that the department may inspect "All boats, markets, stores and other buildings, except dwellings, and all receptacles, except the clothing actually worn by a person at the time of inspection, where birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, or amphibia may be stored, placed, or held for sale or storage," as well as, "All boxes and packages containing birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, or amphibia which are held for transportation by any common carrier."  Section 2012 of the code also specifically says that any hunting or fishing gear must be presented for inspection upon demand of any DFW warden.

Those laws give Fish & Game wardens virtually unlimited power to search or inspect anything used to hunt, fish, or to store meat.  The only exceptions are "dwellings" and the clothing actually worn by the subject at the time of the search.  Wardens can knock on your door and demand to search your truck and any outbuildings on your property (detached garages, sheds, barns, etc.).  They can demand to inspect your rifles and anything else that they're curious about, but you do not have to let them into your house.   

Even though wardens may generally conduct administrative searches without any warrant or probable cause, courts have also ruled that searches must be conducted in a "reasonable" manner.  Again, that word isn't clearly defined, but judges have thrown out cases when wardens used excessive force, for example.  

If you or a loved one has questions about dealing with the California Department of Fish & Wildlife, call us for a free attorney consultation.  (714) 449-3335.  Ask for John.  

Thanks for reading.  

Cited in Catalina: Summer 2019 Edition

It's been a busy summer in the Catalina Courthouse.  As always, our firm defended more criminal cases on the island than any other private firm (not the Public Defender Panel).  As the most experienced local attorneys in Catalina, we're also still covering cases for other lawyers who are unable to appear on behalf of their own clients on the island.

We got some great results this summer in cases involving controlled substances, illegal fishing, poaching abalone, drunk in public, battery, domestic violence, DUI, vandalism, theft, possession of controlled substances, and just about every other offense arising in and around Catalina Island.

And the season isn't over.  There are still a few big events and concerts slated for September and October (not to mention Buccaneer Days...).  If you're planning to attend one of these, save my number now (714) 449-3335.

As usual, the bulk of arrests in and around Catalina Island this year involved alcohol-related offenses.  "Drunk in public" charges are nothing new.  I keep trying to warn people, but nobody reads this blog until after they've been arrested -- authorities on Catalina treat "drunk in public" cases very seriously.  The LA Sheriff and the District Attorney prosecute these charges aggressively.  A simple PC 647(f) arrest in most places means a night in jail and a stern warning.  In Catalina, the same arrest can lead to probation, community service, mandatory AA meetings, high fines and even jail.  This is a shocker for attorneys who aren't familiar with the local "justice" system in Avalon.

Visitors also need to be aware that golf carts are considered "motor vehicles" in California.  That means the 0.08% blood alcohol limit applies.  Driving a golf cart while impaired by alcohol or marijuana is a DUI.  A lot of tourists learn this lesson the hard way every year ("But isn't that what golf carts are FOR?!?").

Fishing laws are just as complicated and DFW agents are just as aggressive as ever.  They're still busting unsuspecting fishermen who accidentally drift into protected areas, and they're still inspecting coolers for unidentifiable or undersized fillets.  If you are fishing in or around Catalina Island, take a good nautical map, a reliable GPS and an updated copy of the CA DFW fishing regulations.  We're getting close to lobster season, so expect game wardens to be on full-alert.

If you or a loved one has been cited or arrested on Catalina, call us for a free attorney consultation.  (714) 449-3335.  Ask for John.

Thanks for reading.

Catalina Island Lawyer

Arrested in Catalina: What to Do Now

Cops on Catalina don't mess around.  If you're reading this, you probably learned that the hard way.

Every summer, hundreds of thousands of visitors flock to Catalina to enjoy everything the island has to offer.  For many, that includes alcohol.  For some, that also includes a night at the Avalon Sheriff's Station.  If you were cited or arrested while visiting Catalina Island, this blog is for you.

Our office defends more cases on Catalina every year than any other private attorney or law firm.  Only the Public Defender handles more Catalina cases than us.

Catalina court is it's own world, too.  Most visiting attorneys are shocked by how "differently" things are done there.  Among other peculiarities, the building is only open on alternating Fridays.  If you show up on a Thursday, the doors will be locked.  Plus, no case files are kept on site -- they're stored in Long Beach.  That means the judge probably can't accommodate you if you show up unexpectedly when your case is not scheduled to be heard on the day's calendar.  Adding a case onto the court's calendar (to recall a warrant or to request an extension, etc.) can be an ordeal in itself.

The court staff, including judge, prosecutor, recorder and clerk fly out by helicopter from San Pedro for each appearance.  The bailiff, defense attorneys and most of the defendants travel by boat from Long Beach.  Any sort of inclement weather on either side of the channel can completely foul up everything.  Sometimes, the helicopters are flying but the boats aren't running, so the court staff shows up but none of the defendants appear.  Sometimes the opposite happens and the judge calls in over the phone.  Either way, it doesn't take much to gum up the works.

Despite what the deputy or game warden told you, your case will not be heard in Long Beach.  All misdemeanors and infractions arising in and around Catalina are prosecuted on the island.  Felonies are filed in Long Beach, though.  The most commonly charged crimes on the island are probably drunk in public, DUI, various fishing violations, possession / under the influence of a controlled substance, assault / battery, domestic violence, fighting and shoplifting.  As I've previously written on this blog, you can be arrested for DUI on a golf cart.

Another unusual thing about the Catalina Courthouse is their general hostility toward alcohol-related offenses.  Every court in every county has its own priorities (as determined by the elected District Attorney for his own political reasons).  Some courts are lenient with firearms but harsh on domestic violence, for instance.  The Catalina court is exceedingly harsh on offenses like "drunk in public".  In most parts of California, a 647(f) arrest means a night in jail and a stern warning.  In Catalina, the DA's standard offer for a 1st-time drunk in public charge includes probation, community service, AA meetings, and fines.  Jail is even on the table for repeat offenders and exceptional cases.

About half of the defendants in Catalina court are there for some fishing-related offense.  Fishing inside a protected area is a big one, along with a million other ticky tacky minor infractions -- some of which carry disproportionate fines.  The minimum fine for an abalone violation, for instance, is over $60,000.

The good news in all this is that, for most misdemeanor cases in California, you do not need to personally appear in court.  A private attorney like myself can appear in your place for most hearings.  I can save you the time and expense of traveling all the way back to Catalina for a series of routine appearances.

If you or a loved one has been cited or arrested while visiting Catalina, call our office for a free attorney consultation.  Ask for John.  (714) 449-3335.

Catalina Island Lawyer

Arrested in Catalina -- What to Expect

If you found this blog, you're probably one of the hundreds of tourists every year who "have too much fun" while visiting Catalina Island.  Hopefully, I can answer some of your questions and give you a better idea of what to expect.

The most commonly-charged offenses on the island include drunk in public, DUI, domestic violence, possession of drugs, assault / battery and fishing violations.

Alcohol-Related Violations

Alcohol-related offenses are treated especially harshly in Avalon.  Local police and prosecutors have really made a concerted effort to maintain their "family friendly" reputation, and they've decided that this includes bringing down the hammer on alcohol offenders.

In most California courts, an arrest for being "drunk in public" means a night in jail and a stern warning.  In Catalina, though, you're looking at probation, CalTrans labor or some other community service, fines, mandatory alcohol counseling or AA meetings, and whatever onerous terms they can think to impose.

And remember, golf carts are considered "vehicles" under California law.  If you drink alcohol or consume drugs before operating an electric cart, you can be arrested for DUI.  These types of cases are common on the island.

Fishing Violations

Fishing laws are also a minefield for visitors.  Catalina Island is surrounded by a checkerboard of "marine life protected areas".  These sanctuaries are not marked and wardens do not issue warnings.  If you drift across the imaginary line into one of the protected areas, agents from the Dept of Fish & Wildlife will issue citations.  They will board your boat and search your cooler for contraband species and undersized fish.  You will be criminally prosecuted for every ticky tacky offense that they uncover, regardless of whether or not you knew that you were breaking the rules.
Possession of unidentifiable fish fillets are a big violation that snares a lot well-meaning anglers.  If you clean your fish at sea, remember to leave a 1" square of skin attached so that wardens can identify the species.

Possession of abalone can also be a major headache for divers around Catalina.  The minimum fine for possession of a single abalone is $10,000.  Once all the mandatory fees and court costs are included, the minimum fine jumps to over $60,000 for a first offense.  That's the MINIMUM.  Luckily, we have some tricks for negotiating these cases down to less than the minimum in most cases.

Logistics

The tiny courthouse on Catalina Island is open every other Friday, weather permitting.  Most of the week, the building is dark and empty.  They do not store any files on site.  If you appear in court on a date when they were not expecting you, they will not be able to help you.

To schedule a court appearance, you (or your attorney) must appear at the courthouse in Long Beach and coordinate with the clerks and prosecutors there to add your case onto the Catalina calendar for a date that is convenient for all parties.  Failure to follow all the appropriate steps will result in a wasted trip.

To make matters even more frustrating, cases on Catalina are often delayed or filed sometime after the date listed on your citation.  When that happens, you might spend the time and money to travel all the way back to Catalina, only to find out that your case has been rescheduled for next month.  Your case will not simply be dismissed.

If you've been cited or arrested while visiting Catalina Island, a private attorney (such as myself) can attend your court hearings without you being personally present in most cases.  There's no sense in traveling all the way back to the island for a series of routine appearances.  Let me save you the time, expense and hassle by appearing for you.  I can receive copies of police reports, negotiate with the DA and work to secure the best outcome possible for your case.

If you or a loved one was cited or arrested on Catalina Island, call us for a free attorney consultation.  (714) 449-3335.  Ask for John.

Thanks for reading.

Catalina Island Lawyer

Catalina Island Special Appearance Attorney

Our office handles more criminal cases on Catalina Island than any other private firm.  If you're scheduled to appear in the Avalon courthouse, save yourself the time and hassle of the trip and allow us to make a special appearance.

Our appearance fee is usually less than the cost of the trip, especially if you factor in the value of your time.  An appearance on Catalina Island takes most of the day.  The Catalina Express leaves from Long Beach at 6:00 AM.  If your case goes smoothly and you can catch the 11:45 boat back, you'll arrive back on the mainland around 1:00 PM.  If the court staff is delayed by inclement weather, cases are often heard in the afternoon, or not at all.  There is nothing quick or simple about a "quick and simple appearance" on the island.

We have extensive experience in defending against the most common charges that arise on Catalina, including fishing violations (undersized lobster, fishing in a protected area, commercial fishing without the necessary permits and endorsements, etc.) and other misdemeanors (drunk in public, golf cart DUI, possession of drugs and domestic violence).

If you need an appearance covered on Catalina Island, or if you have questions about what to expect, call us for a free consultation.  (714) 449 3335.  Ask for John.

Thanks for reading.

Catalina Island Lawyer

Lobster Season = DFG Enforcement Season

California's recreational spiny lobster season officially began on October 1 this year.

Traditionally, the majority of legal lobsters are caught during the first few weeks of the season. The water is still warm enough to free dive for bugs, the days are still long and the weather is still pleasant enough to draw anglers.

This is the time of year when I start getting calls from divers and fishermen who've run afoul of California's complicated fishing laws. If you're going to hit the water in search of those delicious bugs this season, keep a few rules in mind. By learning and practicing these basic commandments, you might save yourself from a costly citation, a day in court, and a criminal record. A violation of any fishing regulation may be treated as a misdemeanor. The maximum penalty for most of these violations includes 6 months in jail, high fines, probation, loss of fishing privileges and and forfeiture of your gear. Prosecutors take these cases seriously. You should, too.

• Carry a valid California sport fishing license with salt water endorsement AND a spiny lobster report card.  These documents must be in your immediate possession while you are fishing or taking lobster.  If you are diving from a boat, you may leave the licenses on the boat.  If you are diving from shore, you must leave the licenses within 500 yard from your point of entry.

• Fill out your lobster report card BEFORE you begin fishing.  If you are approached by wardens from the California Dept of Fish & Wildlife (formerly, Fish & Game), they will inspect your report card.  If the date and location has not already been filled in, you will be cited.

• Use an approved lobster gauge and measure carefully.  A legal lobster must measure at least 3.25" from the eye socket to the rear of the carapace, along a line parallel to the center of the body shell. A proper lobster gauge should be made of a rigid material, like metal or hard plastic, and not a soft tape measure. A soft tape measure will follow the curvature of the lobster's shell and may cause undersized lobsters to falsely appear legal. Don't fudge it. Fish & Wildlife wardens will not be fooled, they will not give you "the benefit of the doubt", they will not issue warnings, and they will not do you any favors. When in doubt, throw it out.

Here's a photo that demonstrates the proper technique for measuring a spiny lobster.  This bug is clearly undersized:

Photo credit: cdfwnews.wordpress.com

• Lobsters may be taken by hand or by hoop net only.  No traps allowed except with a commercial license.  If you snag one while bottom fishing, you must toss it back.

• Lobsters must be whole / "in measurable condition" when they are brought ashore. If you remove the tails at sea, Fish & Wildlife wardens on the docks cannot verify that the bugs are the legal length. You will be cited if you come ashore with a cooler full of lobster tails, or if wardens board your boat at sea and discover immeasurable lobsters.

• Check an up-to-date map to ensure that you're not fishing in a protected area. The ocean off Southern California is home to 50 different "Marine Protected Areas", including "Marine Reserves", "Marine Conservation Areas" and "Special Closures".  Each of these areas is governed by specific rules and regulations regarding what (if anything) may be taken or pursued within its designated boundaries. The areas are not marked by signs, so anglers are responsible for studying their maps.

If you or a loved one is cited for any fishing violation in Southern California, call the office with the experience and knowledge to ensure that you get the best result possible.  Free consultations. (714) 449-3335. 

Thanks for reading.

Catalina Attorney 

Buccaneer Days Returns to Catalina. Save My Number!

It's that time again!  Buccaneer Days, an alcohol-fueled weekend of "grub & grog" returns to Catalina Island September 29 - October 2.

This year's lineup includes 4 days of live bands, DJs, costume contests, food, booze and general good times. The fish are still biting in the waters around Catalina and spiny lobster season officially begins October 3.

There should be plenty of great opportunities to get yourself into trouble.  If you're planning to attend Buccaneer Days in Catalina this year, please be safe, be smart, and save my number now. (714) 449-3335.

Our firm handles more criminal defense cases on Catalina than any other private attorneys in California. We have experience defending against all the most commonly-charged crimes that arise in and around Catalina, including fishing violations, drunk in public, DUI (even in a golf cart) and assault / battery. If you're arrested or cited on the island, call us for a free attorney consultation. Ask for John.

Thanks for reading and have fun this weekend.

Catalina Lawyer

Catalina Island Court: A Nightmare in Paradise

I was back in court on Catalina Island this past Friday, May 13.

If I've learned anything from my experiences in Catalina court, it's to expect the unexpected. It doesn't take much to gum up the works at the Catalina courthouse. Delays and complications are part of the routine.

The Catalina Courthouse, nestled in the beachside community of Avalon, is only open on alternating Fridays. The judge, prosecutor, clerk and court reporter commute by helicopter from San Pedro when the court is in session. The slightest inclement weather, however, often means that the helicopters can't fly. When that happens, cases may be postponed until the court's next available date. And since the courthouse is only open every other Friday, the next available court date might be weeks or even months away.

I usually take the Catalina Express ferry to and from the island, but it's not much more reliable than the helicopter. I've been stranded on the island for days because boats couldn't cross the channel due to high winds, rough seas, or debris in the Long Beach Harbor.

Even when the weather cooperates, the human element is an unpredictable variable. I've had cases continued (routinely) because the DA or the court staff forgot to bring a file or some important paperwork from the mainland. It's all part of the experience when you go to court in Avalon.

This week, the culprit was fog. The helicopter was grounded due to poor visibility, so the court staff was stranded in San Pedro. The courtroom in Catalina was full of attorneys and defendants with cases on calendar, but nothing happens in court until the judge shows up. So we waited. And waited. And waited a little longer for the marine layer to burn off.

The court staff appeared around 11:45. The good news is that we were able to hear our cases without unnecessary continuances. The bad news is that everybody in court missed the boat that was supposed to take us back to the mainland at 12:15.

The next boat on the day's schedule left at 3:30, so we had a few hours to kill. I made myself comfortable at the Marlin Club. There are worse places to be stranded for a day.

There are plenty of great activities to enjoy on Catalina Island, but going to court is not one of them. If you're arrested or cited on Catalina, hire a local attorney to make your court appearances so you don't have to. I can save you the time, hassle and expense of experiencing this adventure for yourself. I appear in Catalina regularly, and I even make appearances for other attorneys who are unavailable to make the trip.

If you have questions about appearing in court at the Catalina courthouse, call us for a free attorney consultation.  (714) 449-3335.  Ask for John.  Thanks for reading.

Catalina Island Lawyer

DUI in a Golf Cart? And Other Surprises from Catalina Island

The Catalina Island Courthouse, Avalon, CA

Section 23152 of the California Vehicle Code makes it a misdemeanor to operate any motor vehicle while the you are "under the influence" of alcohol or drugs. Many of my clients are surprised to learn that golf carts are considered "motor vehicles" under California law. Yes, you can be arrested for DUI on a golf cart.

This situation arises frequently on Catalina Island. The island allows very few gas-powered vehicles, so most locals and tourists navigate around the town of Avalon in electric carts. Avalon is a resort town, nestled beside pristine beaches. It attracts tourists from around the world, who come to admire its natural beauty, do some fishing, rent a golf cart, and drink like it's a contest. Unfortunately, many of these visitors end up calling my office after they get arrested for DUI.

If you are convicted of DUI on Catalina, get ready for surprise #2. The city of Avalon (and the rest of Catalina Island) are part of Los Angeles County. For the past few years, LA County has been participating in a pilot program that requires all first-time DUI offenders to install Ignition Interlock Devices in their vehicles before they can reinstate their drivers' licenses. An Ignition Interlock Device, or "IID", is a little breathalyzer that a driver must blow into before his or her car will start. This rule applies regardless of where the defendant lives (even if you live outside of LA, but your DUI occurred anywhere within the county of Los Angeles). If you're convicted of a golf cart DUI on Catalina Island, your driver's license will be subject to the IID restriction.

If you are arrested for DUI on a golf cart in Catalina, call us for a free attorney consultation. In most cases, we can make your court appearances for you so that you don't need to make an expensive trip back to the island. Our goal is always to protect your rights, save you money, and make the whole process as stress-free as possible for you. 

Cited for illegal fishing on Catalina? Catalina Island and its surrounding waters are home to several "marine protected areas", including state and federal "marine reserves", "conservation areas" and "special closures". If you received a ticket from local wardens of the California Dept. of Fish & Wildlife, you probably also got some bad legal advice. You might have been told that you could simply appear at the Long Beach Courthouse at your convenience to address the matter. In most cases, this is false. If the Los Angeles District Attorney files misdemeanor charges against you for fishing in a protected area, you (or your attorney) must appear before a judge in Catalina.  

And you may not simply appear "at your convenience". The citation you received probably says that you must appear in court "on or before" a particular date. The Catalina courthouse, however, is only open on alternating Fridays. If you show up when court is not in session, you will find a dark building with a locked door.  

Fishing citations in Catalina are almost never processed by the date printed on your citation. If you invest the time and money to appear in court as instructed, there's still a significant chance that your case will not be listed on the day's calendar. Another wasted trip.  

As Catalina Island's leading private attorney, I can make your appearances so you don't have to deal with the hassle. Of course, there are worse places to spend a day, but making the trip to Catalina is an expensive hassle that you don't need.  

If you or a loved one has been cited or arrested on Catalina Island, call us to speak with a local attorney. Consultations are always free.  (714) 449 3335. Ask for John. 

Thanks for reading.  

Catalina Island Lawyer

Buccaneer Days Returns to Catalina Island -- Retain a Good Lawyer Now

It's that time of year again!  Buccaneer Weekend will descend on Catalina Island October 1-4, 2015.  The annual festival marks the unofficial end of tourist season and the official beginning of spiny lobster season.

The holiday is traditionally celebrated with lots of alcohol and very few clothes.  The influx of weekend revelers brings a boon to local businesses, including criminal defense attorneys (such as myself).

This year's party will include 4 days of live bands, DJs, dancing, an adult costume contest, an adult treasure hunt and boatloads of beer.  With so many great ways to get yourself into trouble, you'd be smart to save this number now: (714) 505-2468.

If you are cited for any misdemeanor on or near Catalina Island, you will be given a court date and ordered to appear back on the island in a couple months for your arraignment.  You cannot simply appear in Long Beach at your convenience, despite whatever bad legal advice you might hear.

In most cases, I can make your court appearances for you.  I can save you the time, hassle and expense of traveling all the way back to Catalina for a series of hearings.  As your attorney, I will appear in court on your behalf for your arraignment (your first court appearance).  At the arraignment, the court will provide me with a copy of the police report and other discovery that the DA plans to use against you.  I will enter a plea of "not guilty" and I will schedule another court appearance 4-6 weeks later.  This gives me plenty of time to review the evidence, conduct any investigation that needs to be done, discuss the facts of the case with you, and decide on a plan of action.

When I return to court for the next scheduled appearance, the DA and I will begin the process of trying to reach a mutually-agreeable deal to resolve your matter.  Depending on the unique facts of your case, a "mutually-agreeable deal" can mean a lot of things.  I will make as many appearances as it takes to ensure that your case is handled properly.  Our priority is always to help you reach the most favorable outcome possible -- and to save you some time and money in the process.

The Catalina courthouse is completely unlike most local courts.  It consists of a single room with one judge and a small staff.  It is highly advantageous to use a lawyer who understands the strange system that they have in place and who knows "how things are done" on the island.  We have an excellent relationship with the prosecutors who are responsible for handling all criminal matters on the island.  This helps us make great deals on behalf of our clients.

If you or a loved one is cited at Buccaneer Days on Catalina Island this year, call us for a free consultation.  The number is above, but here it is one more time:  (714) 505-2468.  Ask for John.

Thanks for reading.

Catalina Island Lawyer

Appearing in Court on Catalina Island (Avalon Courthouse)

Save yourself the time, hassle and expense of traveling back to the island for a court appearance -- Have an experienced, knowledgeable, local attorney do it for you.

Catalina Island, located approximately 22 miles off the coast of Orange County and Los Angeles, California, is home to a small, one-room courthouse. The courthouse is open on alternating Fridays. It generally hears only misdemeanor criminal cases, infractions (minor traffic matters, etc.) and restraining orders. Felony cases and more serious matters are usually sent to Long Beach.

The City of Avalon, nestled on the southeast corner of the island, is only home to about 2,200 full-time residents, but the population swells between the months of April and September. Tourists, fishermen, divers, hikers, families, boaters and adventure-seekers descend upon the community to enjoy the island's temperate climate and unspoiled, scenic beauty. Each fall, the town of Two Harbors also hosts its Buccaneers Weekend pirate party, a legendary festival that marks both the unofficial end of tourist season on the island and the official beginning of lobster season statewide.

Catalina and its surrounding waters are home to world-famous fishing and diving. It also hosts several marine reserves and designated "conservation areas". These areas are not clearly marked, but fishing within one of them will result in heavy fines and possible forfeiture of your gear. Many visitors are surprised to learn that they've accidentally strayed into a protected area. They're equally surprised when Fish & Wildlife agents show up, cite them, and confiscate their valuable fishing equipment. Remember, it is the individual fisherman's responsibility to know and comply with all local laws and regulations. Ignorance of the law is no defense to the crime of fishing within a protected area.

Visitors are also responsible for correctly identifying their catches and complying with local rules regarding limits, allowable sized fish, season restrictions, etc. California fishing laws are no joke. As mentioned above, they often carry stiff penalties that may include high fines, jail time, probation, forfeiture of your equipment and an embarrassing blemish on your criminal record.

If you've been arrested or cited while visiting Catalina Island, a quality, local attorney can guide you through the process to ensure that your rights are preserved and that you walk away with the best outcome possible. Our professional staff will work with you, the court and prosecutors to beat your case or to negotiate a fair disposition. Our goal is always to make the process as painless and stress-free as possible for you.

Our firm has extensive experience in defending against all types of criminal issues that arise on Catalina Island -- Avalon, Two Harbors, and everywhere in between. The most common issues we see on the island include DUI (driving a car, a boat or a golf cart under the influence), domestic violence, assault / battery, disturbing the peace, being drunk in public, possession of drugs or paraphernalia, and various fishing violations. We can often make your appearances for you, without you having to be personally present in court. Save yourself the time, hassle and expense of traveling back to the island for a court appearance (or a series of court appearances) -- have a local attorney do it for you.

We're familiar with the local judge, court staff and prosecutors. We know "how the game is played" on Catalina Island and we typically get fantastic results for our clients. Of course, each case is unique. Past performance is no guarantee of future success. The results of your case will depend upon its specific facts and your criminal history.

You have a choice in hiring a lawyer. Many attorneys serve the Avalon courthouse and most of them tout their local knowledge and experience, but I actually know the difference between a Canary Rockfish and a Vermilion Rockfish.

If you've been cited or arrested on Catalina Island, call our office for a free attorney consultation. (714) 449 3335.

Thanks for reading.

Catalina Island Lawyer

Rules for Possessing and Transporting Firearms in California

A few weeks ago, I wrote a piece about California's wacky approach to weapons laws.  If you read that post, available here, you already know that it's legal to keep a machete under the driver's seat of your car, but it's illegal to keep a baseball bat in your own home if the bat's intended use is as a weapon.  You can carry a 12-inch Bowie knife on your belt, but you can be arrested for keeping an extendable baton under your bed for self-defense.  Samurai swords are legal; nunchucks are not. You may carry this concealed upon your person, but not this.  I never said these rules made sense.

All these California laws about knives, clubs and martial arts weapons were so goofy, I decided to save firearms for another day.  Well, today is that day.

California has some of the most complicated, restrictive gun laws in the United States.  To oversimplify things, here's a breakdown of the 3 main laws governing how and where you may possess firearms in California.  And of course, each of these rules contain exceptions, exemptions and caveats.  The Big Three laws regarding possession of firearms in California are as follows:

1) You may not carry a concealed (or "concealable") firearm in any public place or in the passenger area of your car (PC 25400).  The trunk is not considered the "passenger area".  Handguns must be locked and out of reach during transport.

2) You may not carry a loaded firearm within any incorporated city (PC 25850), and

3) You may not "open carry" any sort of firearm (handgun, rifle or shotgun) outside of your vehicle within any incorporated city (PC 26350 & PC 26400).  Since 2013, California is no longer an "open carry" state.  You may still, however, carry an unloaded rifle or shotgun in your vehicle, (e.g. in a gun rack).

Of course, these rules make allowances for police officers, military personnel, and licensed security guards to carry firearms as necessary.  There are also some common-sense exceptions to allow for things like shooting competitions, hunting, target ranges, gun buy-back programs, licensed "concealed carry", etc.

Some of the exceptions are less intuitive, but still make sense.  For example, these rules do not apply inside your own residence, place of business or other property that you own or lawfully possess.  You may also transport an unloaded gun between any of those places.  "Residence" even includes temporary residences, like campsites or hotel rooms (you may possess loaded and concealed weapons while camping).  You may even carry a loaded / concealed gun at your office if you own the place or you have your boss's permission to do so.

PC 25400 does not apply while a person is fishing, but PC 25850 does.  Essentially, this means that you may carry a concealed weapon while fishing, but the gun may not be loaded within city limits.  If you are fishing outside of city limits, you may carry a loaded, concealed handgun.

As mentioned, this is a very oversimplified glance at some of the laws regarding possession of firearms in California.  The rules are complicated, but this should help give you a basic understanding of your rights and obligations as a gun owner in the Golden State.

If you or a loved one is accused of any crime involving firearms, call our office for a free consultation. 714 449 3335.  Ask for John.

Thanks for reading.

Orange County Gun Lawyer

Fishing Regulations in California: How Not to Get Bagged

As its name implies, the California Department of Fish & Wildlife (formerly the "Department of Fish & Game") has the responsibility of governing fishing and hunting with the state.  The DFW has the authority to author its own rules and regulations to that end. Those regulations (written, enforced and interpreted by the DFW) carry the full weight of the law. Any violation of the DFW's self-imposed rules can carry hefty penalties, including jail time, fines, loss of hunting / fishing privileges in the future and even forfeiture of property used in the commission of the alleged offense. Laws on the subject are incredibly complicated and, unfortunately, ignorance of those laws is generally not a defense.

So the DFW, an un-elected, executive agency, can make up laws, enforce those laws, and decide for itself how those laws are to be interpreted? Basically, yes. The District Attorney and the courts play a role, but the bulk of hunting and fishing regulations in the State of California are issued by an agency that is virtually insulated from popular pressure. The legislature also contributes to the mish-mash of gaming regulations in the state, resulting in more laws than any one man could possibly wrap his mind around.

If you or a loved one is accused of unlawful hunting or fishing in California, call an attorney with experience in defending against local hunting and fishing violations. Luckily, you've already made the right first step. I'm not only a criminal defense attorney, I'm also an avid fisherman here in Southern California. When I'm not in the courtroom, you can find me ripping lips in Newport Beach, trapping lobster with hoop nets in Mission Bay, or getting my line wet wherever the opportunity presents itself. I've even been hassled by cops for fishing in the water hazards on golf courses.

If you're going to enjoy some of the outdoor sporting activities that the Golden State has to offer, you'd better get familiar with some local regulations before your next fishing trip. I want to share a few tips to help prevent other fishermen from accidentally (or negligently, or intentionally) running afoul of California's complicated Fish & Wildlife Regulations.

The California coastline is divided into 7 "regions". Each region has its own set of regulations to govern the types of fish that can be caught, permissible methods for catching various species (nets, hook & line, traps, spears, bare hands, etc.) closed seasons, minimum sizes, bag limits and other restrictions. This post will focus on rules and regulations within the "South Coast Region", stretching from Point Concepcion to the Mexican border. This region includes the southern portion of Santa Barbara County and all of Ventura County, Los Angeles County, Orange County and San Diego County. The South Coast Region is home of the warmest water in the state, as well as the largest population of fishermen. The warm water and heavy angling pressure has contributed to a unique set of challenges, both for the fisherman and the fish in Southern California. Accordingly, the DFW has imposed specific rules to account for the specific circumstances in the waters between Santa Barbara and Mexico. For example, it is currently unlawful to catch Dungeness Crab in Southern California, but perfectly lawful to do so in Northern, CA. Dungeness Crab season will reopen in the South Coast Region on November 2 of this year. It is also illegal to take Abalone from the South Coast Region year-round.

The South Coast Region is also home to several "Marine Protected Areas", or "MPAs". Each MPA has its own strict rules. It is the angler's responsibility to understand the location and regulations of each protected area.  Here is a link to more information regarding Marine Protected Areas within California. Fishermen love to argue about the wisdom and efficacy of the MLPA. Many commercial anglers and sport fishermen feel that the MPAs were imposed arbitrarily or without due consideration for the local economies that depend on fishing certain waters during certain times of the year. Conservationists, on the other hand, welcome the state action to prevent the decimation of our precious fisheries. Wherever you come down on the MPLA, it's important to pay close attention to the locations and regulations affecting each protected area along the California coastline. Ignore them at your own peril.

Once you've determined your region and checked for MPAs, there are even more rules to govern the various methods by which you will be fishing (from shore, from a boat or diving?) Targeting or taking certain species of fish from boats is prohibited during certain times of year within certain regions. Those same fish may be targeted or taken year-round if you're fishing from the shore or diving.  For example, here in the South Coast Region, it is unlawful to target or take any species of Rockfish, Cabezon or Greenlings from a boat between the dates of 1/1 - 2/28. Shore-based fisherman and divers may target those species year-round. Anglers may take Leopard Sharks from boats within designated bays year-round (including within Newport Bay, Los Alamitos Bay, Mission Bay and San Diego Bay). Anglers may also take Leopard Sharks from shore year-round, but Leopard Shark season is only open to anglers aboard boats outside of the above-designated bays between 3/1 - 12/31.

See how quickly these regulations get complicated? I haven't even gotten into bag limits, size limits and maximum allowable depths for various species. To make things even more confusing, the DFG likes to issue "In-Season Fishing & Regulation Changes", just to keep everyone on their toes. These rule changes can go into effect with as little as 10 days of advance notice to the public.

Species identification is another area that may cause confusion among novice anglers.  Here's a link to a handy illustration that can be used to distinguish among some types of fish that are commonly found near shore in California. Notice how similar many of the rockfish species appear. The bocaccio and chilipepper varieties look nearly identical. The bocaccio, however, has a statewide bag limit of 2 per angler, while the chilipepper rockfish has a bag limit of 10 in the South Coast Region. It's easy to see how an innocent mistake could transform a novice angler into a misdemeanor defendant.

Accidentally violating a DFW regulation can be expensive. Fines for minor violations start at around $500 (including all mandatory state penalty assessments and court fees). The District Attorney may pursue misdemeanor charges over seemingly innocent mistakes (You didn't know that it's illegal to possess a halibut fillet that's less than 19 inches long? You've never filleted a halibut before and you really botched this one? Too bad. That's a misdemeanor conviction on your record). In some cases, prosecutors may even pursue forfeiture actions against violators. They can take your boat, your expensive gear, even the truck that you used to pull the boat if they believe that those items were "instrumentalities" used in the commission of some poaching offenses.

The intricacies of California fishing laws are obviously too complicated to fully explain in one blog post. The short version of the story is this: pay close attention to the local rules and regulations wherever you're fishing. If you're trying out a new stretch of coastline, always check the MPA maps first. You don't want to accidentally wander into a protected area.

If you are accused of poaching or violating any fishing regulations, call an attorney with extensive knowledge of the rules and regulations that govern fishing in Southern California. We offer free fish stories with every consultation. (714) 449-3335. Ask for John.

Keep your lines tight.

Orange County Fishing Lawyer